Management/Control measure | Thailand | Indonesia | Philippines | Malaysia | Maldives | Australia |
Fishery Condition | Overfished | Overfished | Overfished | Overfished | Overfished | Good |
Minimum size control by species | No | Cheilinus undulatus; no catch/export of 100 to 1,000g or over 3,000g | 250g P. leopardus | No | Capture/export size limits for 20 grouper species | 38cm min capture size |
Catch quota by species | No | No | No | No | No | Catch quotas (ITQ)/log books required |
Export quota by species | No | Reviewed annually for C. undulatus | No | No | No | No |
Threatened LRFFT species managment (see also Box - Cheilinus undulatus) | No | Cheilinus undulatus | Cheilinus undulatus, although illegal exports | Cheilinus undulatus, no export | Cheilinus undulatus, no export | Cheilinus undulatus, C. altivelis, E lanceolatus |
Other controls | Gear controls | - No cyanide or compressed air for fishing - Foreign fish carriers control - Air-only exports for wild fish | - Partial protection of P. leopardus in spawning season | Gear controls | Some FSA protection planned | Some protection of reef fish in spawning season |
Export/trade inspections on declared volume/value | No | No | No | No | No | Oversight by trade |
Export tarrifs/taxes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
Limits on numbers of fishers or traders | No | No | No | No | No | Fisher Licences |
Extensive wild-capture juvenile grow out | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | None | None |
Stock/fishery assessment/monitoring | Yes | Cheilinus undulatus assessed | Plectro-pomus leopardus assessed | Yes | Under review/development | Yes |
Certification (trade) | No | No | No | No | No | No |
MPAs | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Extensive |
Enforcement effectiveness | Some | Weak | Very limited capacity | Only legal exit points policed | Limited capacity | High |